Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive: All you need to know
March 9, 2023
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The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive is a European Union law that will have a huge impact on how organisations report their environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance.
The CSRD was introduced on January 1, 2020, and will affect organisations that have a listing on a regulated market in the European Union or that reach certain thresholds (number of employees, turnover, balance sheet).
The new directive will require organisations to publish more information about their environmental impact, social and economic performance, as well as governance practices.
The reports must also include information about the risks and opportunities associated with these areas.
In this article we explain what the directive is, who it affects and the steps you can take to prepare for its enforcement.
In order to achieve the EU’s goal of becoming net-zero by 2050, the European Commission recognizes that private capital must be directed toward green, sustainable projects.
To accomplish this, the Commission believes that investors must have direct exposure to complete and coherent information on their potential investees, including information on environmental practices, social responsibility and governance mechanisms.
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) represents one key legislation piece that will facilitate the transition towards a more sustainable society, aiming to fill in the gaps in sustainability reporting.
It completes two other regulations which go in the same direction: the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) and the EU Taxonomy.
Overall, the CSRD will supersede and complement the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD). Directive 2014/95/EU, which is referred to as the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD), sets forth the regulations on disclosure of non-financial and diversity data by certain major firms.
NFRD came into force in all EU member states in 2018. All 27 nations had subsequently adopted the Directive into national legislation, and it is now up to corporations to comply.
It compels some major corporations to provide a non-financial statement as part of their yearly public reporting responsibilities.
With the NFRD, the European Union aimed to accomplish two major goals: make non-financial information about a company’s value creation as well as its risks available to stakeholders and investors, and effort to improve to assume accountability for social and environmental concerns.
The Non-Financial Reporting Directive’s reporting requirements set critical criteria for some major corporations to report on their sustainability performance on an annual basis.
It established a double materiality viewpoint,’ which requires businesses to report on the effect of sustainability challenges on their operations as well as their own impact on people and the environment.
Nonetheless, abundant evidence was shared that the data provided by businesses is insufficient. Investors and other stakeholders often believe that reports exclude critical information.
Comparing reported data from one organisation to another may be difficult, and users of the data are sometimes uncertain about its reliability. Quality issues in sustainability reporting have a cascading impact.
As a result, investors lack a comprehensive perspective of the sustainability risks exposed to businesses.
Investors are becoming more interested in the social and environmental effect of businesses.
They need this knowledge in part to comply with the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation’s own disclosure obligations.
More broadly, investors must understand the sustainability effect of the firms in which they participate if the market for green investments is to be viable.
Without such information, funding for ecologically beneficial initiatives cannot be directed.
Finally, deficiencies in reporting quality create an accountability chasm.
Companies that provide high-quality and dependable public reporting will contribute to the development of a more effective disclosure ecosystem.
CSRD precisely aims to dramatically broaden the scope of the NFRD while also increasing the transparency of business progress in terms of long-term sustainability and environmental protection.
The full requirements of the reporting duties under the CSRD will be specified in the new sustainability reporting standards that are currently being finalised under the supervision of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG), which is a private organisation founded in 2001 at the European Commission’s request to serve the public interest.
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The CSRD may be seen as one of three EU rules governing sustainability reporting, alongside SFDR and the EU Taxonomy. The Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) came into force in March 2021.
By standardising sustainability disclosures, the SFDR aims to assist institutional investors and clients in understanding, comparing, and monitoring the sustainability features of investment funds.
The EU Taxonomy Regulation was published in the European Union’s Official Journal on 22 June 2020 and adopted on 12 July 2020.
It lays the groundwork for the EU Taxonomy by outlining four broad criteria that an economic activity must fulfil in order to be considered environmentally sustainable.
Whereas the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) is intended to steer investments into sustainable economic activity, the EU Taxonomy determines which economic activities are really “sustainable”.
Article 8 of the Taxonomy Regulation compels enterprises covered by the current Non-Financial Reporting Directive – as well as any new companies covered by the CSRD – to report on the sustainability of their operations. Companies will be required to submit these metrics in addition to other sustainability data required by the CSRD.
Hence, these three regulations are inextricably linked: corporations subject to CSRD are required to make Taxonomy-related disclosures; their reporting is routed via financial market participants, who are subject to SFDR reporting obligations that include Taxonomy-related disclosures as well.
As a result, concerned firms may anticipate increased pressure from investors to publish sufficient sustainability information in accordance with the CSRD and the EU Taxonomy.
Intertwining of the 3 key regulations on non-financial reporting in Europe:
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The CSRD aims to build upon the existing objectives of the NFRD.
The following are the aims of the proposal:
The CSRD will broaden the scope of sustainability reporting obligations to include all major businesses that do not meet the NFRD’s existing 500-employee criterion.
All significant firms will be held publicly responsible for their effect on people and the environment as a consequence of this evolution. NFRD applies to “large” public interest entities (“PIEs”).
PIEs are classified as those organisations who have had more than 500 workers in the prior financial year.
The NFRD also absolves subsidiaries from reporting responsibilities if that entity’s parent firm agrees to perform the reporting obligations on behalf of the whole group.
Once operational, the CSRD would expand non-financial reporting obligations to big private corporations as well as those listed on EU regulated markets.
Approximately 12,000 businesses are presently subject to the Non-Financial Reporting Directive.
The European Commission predicts that this figure might climb to around 49,000 under the CSRD, owing to the greater definition of “large undertaking” under the Directive, as opposed to the large PIEs under the Non-Financial Reporting Directive.
Companies who fulfill two of the three requirements outlined below will be required to comply with the CSRD:
CSRD has been established to encompass all major and publicly traded corporations operating on EU-regulated marketplaces (except for micro-enterprises).
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) listed on the EU regulated markets have to comply with the CSRD but on an extended schedule.
Additional requirements for CSRD compliance apply to non-EU-based corporations having subsidiaries in the EU and companies that are not formed in the EU but have securities listed on EU-regulated markets.
The following are the most paramount implications brought forward by CSRD:
Under CSDR, the Commission currently suggests that obligatory disclosures be included in a company’s management report and address three reporting areas:
The CSRD covers all ESG criteria: environmental, social and governance issues.
In particular, the first set of European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) reviewed on November 2022 address the following 12 ESG topics:
Lastly, three levels of information are expected:
CSRD provides guidelines on how to take into account certain key concepts:
In November 2022, the EFRAG approved the final version of the ESRS, which detail disclosure requirements. Overall, these requirements have been considerably reduced in this final version: the number of disclosure requirements has been reduced from 136 to 84 and the number of quantitative and qualitative data points has been reduced from 2,161 to 1,144.
As part of the CSRD, financial and sustainability information will be released simultaneously within the management report.
A third-party assurance on the reported information will become necessary.
Moreover, companies will have to digitise and identify their sustainability information to make it accessible via the EU’s forthcoming European Single Access Point (ESAP) database.
Important data will need to be “tagged” or given a “digital label” in order for algorithms to read it more quickly and for stakeholders to exploit and evaluate it.
Given the breadth and reach of this law, most companies are likely to be seriously affected. Nonetheless, it is important to mention that for companies under NFRD there is no major change yet, until the regulator will release the final EFRAG Standards in late 2022.
For companies newly under CSRD’s scope, there are several steps to take to facilitate this transition. Businesses will want to get acquainted with the proposal itself and the actual implications of its needs for their firm.
The board of directors should ensure that the management team adequately prepares the firm for the new directive’s implementation, commencing immediately with planning.
While the board of directors will oversee the company’s preparations on a broad scale, the audit committee will play a critical role.
It should supervise the establishment of any new measurement and reporting procedures and the efficacy of the systems and controls in place to assist in guaranteeing the robustness of the information provided.
Since the sustainability reporting requirements are still being developed, businesses will need to begin preparations without knowing detailed requirements.
As a result, businesses should stay informed of any EFRAG findings, interpretations, and communications that provide early insight into how the standards will likely appear.
What is certain right now is that companies need to work on their ESG risks / double materiality analysis and then identify existing policies and KPIs covering those risks, and if none, close the gaps by formalising new ones.
Each Member State will define penalties for infringements to the CSRD.
The EU Commission has specified that sanctions must be “effective, proportionate and dissuasive” in its draft proposal.
This is generally consistent with the present NFRD. However, the CSRD goes further, requiring member states to implement the following (administrative) measures as well:
The CSRD proposal establishes a common EU-wide audit (assurance) requirement for submitted sustainability data, assisting in ensuring that provided data is accurate and credible.
While the European Commission’s purpose is to achieve a comparable degree of certainty for financial and sustainability reporting, it has allowed for a gradual approach.
Initially, auditors should give an opinion predicated on a “limited assurance” involvement with the sustainability reporting’s compliance with the CSRD’s criteria, including relevant reporting standards.
It is envisaged that the “limited” guarantee will be changed to a “reasonable assurance” at a later date, after the publication of the sustainability criteria and a review by the European Commission within three years of the CSRD taking effect.
Although the EU plan seeks to “lower the superfluous expenses of sustainability reporting for enterprises,” it is projected that preparers would spend considerable one-time fees as well as recurrent yearly costs in order to comply with the regulation.
The suggestion emphasises that corporations are already facing an increasing financial burden as a result of stakeholders demand for sustainability information.
As a consequence, depending on their size, businesses might realise significant savings by implementing the standards, since the standards eliminate the need for further information requests.
As regulations become more stringent and the business world becomes more socially and environmentally aware, ESG practices will be mandated.
If your company must comply with the CSRD, you should begin immediately. The deadline is coming up fast, and the fines for noncompliance can be steep.
But it can be a time-consuming and complex process. And that’s where we come in to help!
Apiday provides a platform that simplifies the data collection process of sustainability metrics and unlocks seamless collaboration.
So you can focus on what matters the most: driving change in your company rather than fetching and crunching data!
Get started and book a call with our ESG experts!
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If your company must comply with the CSRD, you should begin immediately!
Reduce errors, focus on more strategic tasks, and generate comprehensive reports easily. Enhance business competitiveness and productivity, and contribute to a more sustainable future with our solution. Unlock the full potential of your organisation today!
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